reading Comprehension | Tes Toelf

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Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of the what is stated or implied in that passage.

Read the following passage :

The railroad was not the first institution to impose regularity on society, or to draw attention to the importance of precise timekeeping. for as long as merchants have set out their wares at daybreak and communal festivities have been celebrated, people have been in rough agreement with their neighbors as to the time of day. The value of a single yardstick of time, social life would proceed in fits and starts; the very fabric of modern society would begin to unravel.

Example 1

what is the main idea of the passage?

a. In modern Society we must make more time for our neighboars.

b. The traditions of society are timeless

c. An accepted way of measuring time is essential for the functioning of society

d.  Society judges people bye the times at which the conduct certain activities 

The main idea of the passage is thar societies need to agree about how time is to be measured in order to function smoothly. Therefore, you should choose (C).

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Jawablah semua pertanyaan yang mengikuti sebuah bagian berdasarkan apa yang dinyatakan atau tersirat dalam bagian itu.

Baca bagian berikut ini :

Kereta api bulah institusi pertama yang memberlakukan keteraturan pada masyarakat, atau untuk menarik perhatian pada pentingnya ketepatan waktu yang tepat. Selama pedagang telah menetapkan barang dagangan mereka pada fajar dan pesta komunal telah dirayakan orang-orang telah sepakat secara kasar dengan tetangganya sampai pada siang hari. Nilai satu tolak ukur waktu, kehidupan sosial akan berjalan sesuai dan dimulai; struktur masyarakat modern mulai terurai.

Contoh 1 :

Apa gagasan utama dari bagian ini?

a. Dalam masyarakat modern kita harus lebih banyak waktu untuk mengasuh kita.

b. Tradisi masyarakat tidak lekang oleh waktu

c. Cara mengukur waktu yang diterima sangat penting untuk mengfungsikan masyarakat

d. masyarakat menghakimi orang-orang melewati waktu di mana melakukan aktivitas tertentu

gagasan utama dari wacana ini adalah masyarakat perlu mengetahui bagaimana waktu diukur agar berfungsi. karena itu sebaiknya pilih (C).

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Questions 1 - 11

If food is allowed to stand for some time, it putrefies. When the putrefied material is examined microscopically, it is found to be teeming with bacteria. Where do there bacteria come from, since they are not seen in fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth century, (Line (5)) many people believed that such microorganisms originated by spontanesous generation, a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter.

The most powerful opponent of the theory of spontaneous generation was the french chemist and microbologist Louis pasteur (1822 - 1895). Pasteur showed that structured present in air closely resemble the microorganisms seen in putrefying (10) materials. he did this by passing air throgh guncotton filters, the fibers of wich stop solid particles. After the gun cotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide.

Pasteur found that in ordinary air these exixts a variety of solid structured ranging in size from 0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm. Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells.

As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen liters of ordinary air, and they could not be distinguished from the organisms found in much langer numbers (20) in putrefying materials. pasteur concluded that organisms found in putrefying materials originated from the organized bodues present in the air. he postulated that these bodies are constantly being deposited on all objects.

Pasteur showed that if a nutrient solution was sealed in a glass flask and heated to boiling to destroy all the living organisms contaminating it, it never putrefied. the proponents of spontaneous generastion declared that fresh air was necessary for spontaneous generation and that the air inside the sealed flask was affected in some way by heating so that it whould no longger support spontaneous generation. Pasteur contructed a swan-necked flask in which putrrefying materials could he heated to boiling, but air could reenter. The bends in the neck prevented microorganisms from getiing in the flask. Material sterilized in such a flask did not putrefy.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

a. Pasteur's influence on the development of microscope

b. The origin of the theory of spontaneous generation

c. The effects of pasteurization on food

d. Pasteur's argument against the theory of spontaneous

2. The phare " teeming with" in line 2 is closest in meaning to .....

a. Full of

b. Developing into

c. Resistant to

d. Hurt bby

3. Which of the following question did the theory of spontaneous generation attempt to answer?

a. What is the origin of the living organisms are seen on some food?

b. How many types of organisms can be found on food

c. What is the most effective way to prepare living organisms for microscopic examination?

d. How long can food stand before it putrefies?

4. The word " resemble" in line 9 is closest in meaning to ....

a. benefit from

b. appear semiliar to

c. join together with

d. grow from

5. The purpose of the "guncotton" mentioned in paragraph 2 was to ...

a. Trap particles for analysis

b. Slow the process of putrefaction

c. Increase the airflow to the microscopic slide

d. Aid the mixing of alcohol and ether

6. The author mention " 1.0 mm " in line 15 in describing the...

a. thickness of a layer of organisms that was deposited on an object

b. diameter of the fibers that were in the guncotton filters

c. Thickness of the microscope slides that were used

d. sixe of the particles that were collected

7. The word " postulated " in line 21 is closest in meaning to ...

a. analyzed

b. doubted

c. persuaded

d. suggested

8. The objects that pasteut removed from the air in his experiment were remarkable because they were...

a. primarily single-celled organisms

b. no different from objects found in putrefying materials

c. fairly rare

d. able ti live in a mixture of alcohol and ether

9. The word "it" in ibe 24 refers to ...

a. a nutrient solution

b. a glass flask

c. boiling

d. spontaneous generation

10. According to paragraph 3, proponents of spontaneouos generation believed that witch of the following was important for the process to succeed?

a. A sealed container

b. fresh air

c. heat

d. The presence of nutrients

11. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that Pasteur employed a swam-necked flask to...

a. storre strelized for use in future experiments

b. prevent heat from building up in a solution

c. disprove a criticism of his conclusions

d. estimate the number of organisms in a liter of air

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Terjemahan

Jika makanan diizinkan berdiri untuk beberapa lama, itu akan menjadi makanan pembuka. bila bahan yang dibubarkan diperiksa secara mikroskopis, ditemukan banyak bakteri. Darimana bakteri berasal, karena mereka tidak terlihat dalam makanan segar? Bahkan sampai pertengahan abad kesembilan belas, banyak orang percaya bahwa mikroorganisme semacam itu berasal dari generasi spontan, sebuah proses hipotesis dimana organisme hidup berkembang dari materi yang tidak hidup.

penentangan paling kuat dari teori generasi spontan adalah ahli kimia perancis dan ahli mikroba Louis Pasteur 91822 - 1895). Pasteur menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan tekstur di udara sangat mirip dengan mikroorganisme yang terlihat pada bahan pembusuk (10). Dia melakukan ini dengan melewatkan filter guncotton udara, serat yang menghentikan partikel padat. setelah kapas pistol dilarutkan dalam campuran alkohol dan eter, partikel yang terjebak di bagian bawah cairan dan diperiksa pada slide mikroskop.

Pasteur menemukan bahwa di udara biasa ini memiliki berbagai bentuk padat terstruktur mulai dari 0,01 mm sampai lebih dari 1,0 mm. Banyak dari tubuh ini menyerupai struktur reproduksi jamur umum, hewan berbagai sel mikroba lainnya.

sebanyak 20 sampai 30 diantaranya ditemukan di lima belas liter udara biasa, dan mereka tidak dapat dibedakan dari orgasme yang ditemukan dalam jumlah banyak (20) dalam bahan pembusuk. Pasteur menyimpulkan bahwa organisme yang ditemukan dalam bahan pembusuk berasal dari tubuh terorganisir yang hadir di udara. dia mendalilkan bahwa badan-badan ini terus menerus disimpan pada semua benda.

pasteur menunjukkan bahwa jika larutan nutrisi dimateraikan dalam labu kaca dan dipanaskan hingga mendidih untuk menghancurkan semua organisme hidup yang mencemarainya, tidak akan pernah berbentuk. pendukung generik spontan menyatakan bahwa udara segar diperlukan untuk generasi spontan dan bahwa udara segar diperlukan untuk generasi spontan. Pasteur memasang labu berleher angsa dimana bahan plastik bisa dipanaskan sampai mendidih, tapi udara bisa masuk kembali. tonjilan di leher mencegah mikroorganisme dari getiing di labu. bahan yang disterilkan dalam labu semacam itu tidak bisa diperbaiki.

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